Measurements and Experimentation

Physical quantities describe measurable properties such as length, mass, time, and temperature. Every measurement needs a numerical value and the correct unit, and derived quantities combine basic ones in meaningful ways.

Measurement instruments are chosen according to the quantity and required precision. Least count, correct zero, and proper eye position all affect accuracy.

Experimental work in physics depends on accurate readings, organised tables, and graphs that show trends clearly. Errors can come from instruments, reading method, or repeated random variation.