Chemistry

Writing, balancing, classifying, and interpreting chemical reactions with observable evidence.

• Writing and Balancing Equations
• Types of Chemical Reactions

Acid-base properties, pH, neutralisation, salts, water of crystallisation, and useful compounds.

• Properties of Acids and Bases
• pH Scale and Indicators

Modern periodic classification, families, and trends across periods and groups.

• Modern Periodic Table
• Periodic Trends

Electronic configuration, ionic bonding, covalent bonding, coordinate bonding, and structure-property links.

• Ionic Bonding
• Covalent Bonding

Relative masses, mole calculations, formulae, Avogadro number, and balanced-equation problem solving.

• Relative Atomic and Molecular Mass
• Mole and Avogadro Number

Electrolytes, electrodes, ions, selective discharge, products of electrolysis, and applications.

• Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes
• Electrolysis Mechanism

Occurrence, extraction, purification, alloys, corrosion, and prevention of corrosion.

• Occurrence and Extraction of Metals
• Extraction of Aluminium

Preparation, properties, tests, reactions, and uses of important inorganic compounds.

• Hydrogen Chloride
• Ammonia

Carbon compounds, homologous series, hydrocarbons, functional groups, reactions, and everyday organic chemistry.

• Introduction to Organic Compounds
• Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes

Qualitative tests for gases, cations, anions, precipitates, and confirmatory observations.

• Tests for Gases
• Tests for Cations